{"id":7030,"date":"2026-05-06T19:56:22","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T16:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/?p=7030"},"modified":"2026-05-06T19:58:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T16:58:39","slug":"comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparison of methods for using the released land part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/#If_you_do_not_feel_like_reading_the_whole_article_remember_this\" >If you do not feel like reading the whole article, remember this:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/#The_main_problem\" >The main problem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/#Method_1_%E2%80%93_Dietary_change_less_meat_more_plants\" >Method 1 \u2013 Dietary change (less meat, more plants)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/#Method_2_%E2%80%93_Carbon_capture_and_storage\" >Method 2 \u2013 Carbon capture and storage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/#Method_3_%E2%80%93_Regenerative_agriculture\" >Method 3 \u2013 Regenerative agriculture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/#Method_4_%E2%80%93_Yield_improvements\" >Method 4 \u2013 Yield improvements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-methods-for-using-the-released-land-part-1\/#Method_5_%E2%80%93_Bioenergy_with_carbon_capture_BECCS\" >Method 5 \u2013 Bioenergy with carbon capture (BECCS)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_you_do_not_feel_like_reading_the_whole_article_remember_this\"><\/span><strong>If you do not feel like reading the whole article, remember this:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_position=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; pointer_events=&#8220;all&#8220;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"b4vz65\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"43\">Diet is a powerful climate tool<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"16utatp\" data-start=\"44\" data-end=\"96\">Dietary change is among the most effective measures<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1gly88z\" data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"149\">Less meat frees land and reduces emissions<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"3djiwx\" data-start=\"150\" data-end=\"196\">Restored land can capture carbon<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"bptc8s\" data-start=\"197\" data-end=\"229\">CCS and DAC are important, but expensive<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"u4ffg2\" data-start=\"230\" data-end=\"291\">Regenerative agriculture helps, but is not enough on its own<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; top_margin_phone=&#8220;-50&#8243; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220; column_padding_type=&#8220;default&#8220; content_layout=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_type=&#8220;default&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<ul>\n<li>Higher yields work only with land-use control<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"o7uyik\" data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"400\">BECCS has potential, but also major risks<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"o1kev9\" data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"454\">Dietary change brings many co-benefits<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1v4fynt\" data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"504\">Technologies do not replace demand-side change<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1mvll3e\" data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"549\">The best approach is a combination of measures<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"fyu56m\" data-start=\"550\" data-end=\"608\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Climate efficiency depends on both cost and land<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]The damage we cause every day to our atmosphere and climate is a fact that almost all people on this planet agree with, have become used to, and have even accepted as something normal. But how often do we think about what can be done to reduce our wonderful influence? Many of us try to drive less, use electric cars, or consume foods that were produced locally and do not require so many transport emissions.<\/p>\n<p>But I assume not many of us have thought about how what we eat actually affects carbon emissions by itself, and what can be done on a personal and national level to reduce, a little or even a lot, the damage we cause. We will look at and compare five methods through which, on a personal, local and let us say national level, we can improve our ecological footprint.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Dietary change<\/strong> (less meat, more plants \/ plant-based meat alternatives or imitations \u2013 PBMAs)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Carbon capture and storage<\/strong> (CCS \/ DAC)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regenerative agriculture<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Yield improvements<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Bioenergy with carbon capture systems<\/strong> &#8211; CCS (BECCS)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>And we will look at them from two main perspectives:<br \/>\nMitigation per hectare, decare, or whichever land unit you prefer (how much CO\u2082 impact each technology has per unit of land)<br \/>\nMitigation per dollar, euro, and soon no more lev (rough value-for-money \/ difficulty ratio)<\/p>\n<p>This will be more qualitative and indicative than extremely precise in terms of monetary value per ton, because estimates vary significantly, but we can still rank them.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_main_problem\"><\/span><strong>The main problem<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>We need huge CO\u2082 reductions, and preferably quickly, because winter is almost gone:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Significant reduction of emissions (fossil fuels + agriculture)<\/li>\n<li>Plus removal of CO\u2082 that is already in the atmosphere<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Most climate discussions focus on technologies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon capture (CCS) in factories<\/li>\n<li>Direct air capture<\/li>\n<li>Bioenergy with CCS (BECCS)<\/li>\n<li>Precision agriculture, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But there is a demand-side lever that is often overlooked:<br \/>\nChanging what we consume \u2013 especially food \u2013 can reduce emissions and free land for carbon storage.<br \/>\nSo: how does \u201ceating differently\u201d really compare with \u201cbuilding machines and technological innovation\u201d?<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_1_%E2%80%93_Dietary_change_less_meat_more_plants\"><\/span><strong>Method 1 \u2013 Dietary change (less meat, more plants)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>What it is<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consuming fewer animal products, especially beef and dairy products<\/li>\n<li>Replacing them with plant foods and\/or PBMAs<\/li>\n<li>It does not require new physical infrastructure, apart from adjustments in the food supply chain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Mitigation per hectare<\/strong><br \/>\nA 50% global replacement of meat and dairy products with plant-based alternatives by 2050 would lead to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>~31% reduction in agricultural emissions<\/li>\n<li>~653 Mha of freed land<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>This freed land can be restored:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Potentially 1\u20133 Gt CO\u2082\/year of additional capture, if a large part of the land is allowed to recover as forest\/rewilded land (depending on allocation and region, using the logic from the abandoned cropland paper).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8220;6613&#8243; image_size=&#8220;full&#8220; max_width=&#8220;100%&#8220; max_width_mobile=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;entrance&#8220; animation=&#8220;None&#8220; animation_movement_type=&#8220;transform_y&#8220; hover_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; alignment=&#8220;center&#8220; border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; box_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; image_loading=&#8220;default&#8220;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]This makes dietary change + land restoration extremely effective tools, because:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You reduce current emissions (methane + N\u2082O), and<\/li>\n<li>You unlock land for CO\u2082 removal through the regrowth of forests and plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Mitigation per dollar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The main \u201ccost\u201d is mostly:\n<ul>\n<li>Changing habits<\/li>\n<li>Reformulating products<\/li>\n<li>Changing policies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>There is no need for massive new hardware or fuel inputs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The cost per ton of absorbed CO\u2082 is generally considered very low compared with engineered removal, especially when co-benefits are included (healthcare savings, water, nitrogen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Additional co-benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Health (less saturated fat, more fiber \u2013 if well designed)<\/li>\n<li>Less nitrogen pollution<\/li>\n<li>Less water stress because the water needed in livestock production would be saved<\/li>\n<li>Biodiversity benefits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Limitation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Social and cultural resistance<\/li>\n<li>Political difficulty (meat is identity + economy)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;column_reverse&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; gradient_type=&#8220;default&#8220; shape_type=&#8220;&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8220;6615&#8243; image_size=&#8220;full&#8220; max_width=&#8220;100%&#8220; max_width_mobile=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;entrance&#8220; animation=&#8220;None&#8220; animation_movement_type=&#8220;transform_y&#8220; hover_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; alignment=&#8220;center&#8220; border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; box_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; image_loading=&#8220;default&#8220;][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_2_%E2%80%93_Carbon_capture_and_storage\"><\/span><strong>Method 2 \u2013 Carbon capture and storage <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>(From plants and factories \/ Direct air capture)<\/p>\n<p><strong>What it is<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Capturing CO\u2082 from:\n<ul>\n<li>Power plants \/ factories (CCS \u2013 carbon capture technologies \u2013 from a point source)<\/li>\n<li>Diluted air (DAC \u2013 direct air capture)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pumping it underground or mineralizing it<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Mitigation per hectare<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CCS on smokestacks does not use much land; it is mostly an industrial footprint.<\/li>\n<li>DAC often needs:\n<ul>\n<li>Energy facilities<\/li>\n<li>Fans\/units<\/li>\n<li>Supporting infrastructure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Per hectare of land, CCS\/DAC is not as \u201cefficient a land use\u201d as turning abandoned agricultural land into forest \u2013 you are using that land mainly for machines and energy rather than ecosystems.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>Mitigation per dollar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CCS on concentrated sources:\n<ul>\n<li>Often estimated in the range of $50 to $150 per ton of CO\u2082 (varies a lot).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>DAC:\n<ul>\n<li>Currently very expensive \u2013 often in the range of $400 to $1000+ per ton of CO\u2082 for real projects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Technically, it is crucial (hard-to-abate sectors, long-term negative emissions), but it is not cheap, and scaling to gigatons is capital-intensive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co-benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeps part of industry running while it decarbonizes<\/li>\n<li>Avoids disruption of jobs in certain sectors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Huge energy demand<\/li>\n<li>High cost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_3_%E2%80%93_Regenerative_agriculture\"><\/span><strong>Method 3 \u2013 Regenerative agriculture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>What it is<br \/>\n<strong>Practices such as:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cover crops<\/li>\n<li>Reduced tillage<\/li>\n<li>Agroforestry<\/li>\n<li>Diverse rotations<\/li>\n<li>Better grazing management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Goal: improve soil health, retain more carbon in soils, reduce erosion and input needs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation per hectare<\/strong><br \/>\nSoil carbon storage:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Often 0.5\u20133 tCO\u2082\/ha\/year in many systems, depending on climate, initial condition and practices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8220;6617&#8243; image_size=&#8220;full&#8220; max_width=&#8220;100%&#8220; max_width_mobile=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;entrance&#8220; animation=&#8220;None&#8220; animation_movement_type=&#8220;transform_y&#8220; hover_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; alignment=&#8220;center&#8220; border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; box_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; image_loading=&#8220;default&#8220;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>This is useful, but:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Usually less effective per hectare of land than turning cropland\/pasture back into forests\/restored ecosystems.<\/li>\n<li>Vulnerable: soil carbon can be released back into the atmosphere if practices change or climate extremes occur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>It also reduces:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrous oxide (better nitrogen management)<\/li>\n<li>Some fossil fuel use (less tillage, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Mitigation per dollar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Often moderately cheap:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sometimes cost-neutral or even profitable for farmers (less fertilizer, better yields in the long term)<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes requires upfront support\/training<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But on its own it rarely delivers huge CO\u2082 savings at the scale needed; it is more of a supporting strategy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co-benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soil health<\/li>\n<li>Drought resilience<\/li>\n<li>Reduced runoff<\/li>\n<li>Can be farmer-friendly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Risk of overstating benefits \u2013 regenerative agriculture alone will not offset fossil fuel emissions<\/li>\n<li>Strict measurement and verification are needed to avoid abuse<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;column_reverse&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; gradient_type=&#8220;default&#8220; shape_type=&#8220;&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8220;6621&#8243; image_size=&#8220;full&#8220; max_width=&#8220;100%&#8220; max_width_mobile=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;entrance&#8220; animation=&#8220;None&#8220; animation_movement_type=&#8220;transform_y&#8220; hover_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; alignment=&#8220;center&#8220; border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; box_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; image_loading=&#8220;default&#8220;][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_4_%E2%80%93_Yield_improvements\"><\/span><strong>Method 4 \u2013 Yield improvements<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>What it is<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Growing more food per hectare of land:\n<ul>\n<li>Better seeds<\/li>\n<li>Fertilizer efficiency<\/li>\n<li>Precision agriculture<\/li>\n<li>Irrigation improvements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Mitigation per hectare<\/strong><br \/>\nTwo possible options:<br \/>\n<strong>In theory:<\/strong><br \/>\nWith higher yields, we will need less land for the same amount of food and will be able to set aside land for plant regrowth, which would lead to additional carbon absorption.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In practice (often):<\/strong><br \/>\nHigher yields lead to cheaper food and more consumption. In this case, farmers expand anyway and do not reduce land use.<\/p>\n<p>So yield improvements become major mitigation only if:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They are combined with explicit land-sparing policies (protected areas, afforestation commitments).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Without this, mitigation per hectare is uncertain.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>Mitigation per dollar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Historically: extremely cost-effective for food security.<\/li>\n<li>For climate: cost-effective only if paired with strict land-use rules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Co-benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Food production capacity<\/li>\n<li>Potentially lower hunger levels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Limitation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>On its own, it does not guarantee climate benefits<\/li>\n<li>It can increase fertilizer use and N\u2082O if not managed<\/li>\n<li>It can lead to greater land conversion if demand keeps growing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_5_%E2%80%93_Bioenergy_with_carbon_capture_BECCS\"><\/span><strong>Method 5 \u2013 Bioenergy with carbon capture (BECCS)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>What it is<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Growing biomass (crops, trees)<\/li>\n<li>Burning it for energy<\/li>\n<li>Capturing and storing the CO\u2082<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On paper, this creates \u201cnegative emissions\u201d because plants absorb CO\u2082 while they grow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation per hectare<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Theoretically high \u2013 one of the leading negative-emissions options in many 1.5\/2 \u00b0C models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But, of course, not everything is so rosy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It requires large areas of land for energy crops.<\/li>\n<li>If this land displaces forests, grasslands or food production, the net benefits shrink or become negative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Compared with <strong>rewilding\/restoration<\/strong> of the same land:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BECCS strongly competes with food and biodiversity.<\/li>\n<li>Many studies now warn against relying on very large-scale BECCS because of land\/biodiversity risks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8220;6624&#8243; image_size=&#8220;full&#8220; max_width=&#8220;100%&#8220; max_width_mobile=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;entrance&#8220; animation=&#8220;None&#8220; animation_movement_type=&#8220;transform_y&#8220; hover_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; alignment=&#8220;center&#8220; border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; box_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; image_loading=&#8220;default&#8220;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>Mitigation per dollar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Costs are lower than DAC, but not trivial:\n<ul>\n<li>Usually estimated at $100\u2013300 per ton of CO\u2082 (highly dependent on project and region).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Also depends on:\n<ul>\n<li>CCS infrastructure \u2013 carbon absorption technologies<\/li>\n<li>Energy prices<\/li>\n<li>Policy subsidies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Co-benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some renewable energy production<\/li>\n<li>Potential rural income, if well designed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Limitation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Very high land requirement<\/li>\n<li>Major biodiversity risk if scaled poorly<\/li>\n<li>Governance challenge (who gets the land? Not only in Bulgaria does everyone love a nice little concession)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can read the continuation in the <a href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/sravnenie-na-metodite-za-upotreba-na-osvobodenata-zemya-chast-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">next article<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>Sources:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-41837-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-41837-y<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/environmental-impacts-of-food\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/environmental-impacts-of-food<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/food-choice-vs-eating-local\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/food-choice-vs-eating-local<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aaq0216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aaq0216<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2022\/09\/meat-protein-alternatives_54e42940\/387d30cf-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2022\/09\/meat-protein-alternatives_54e42940\/387d30cf-en.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-41407-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-41407-6<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-41407-6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-41407-6.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39242882\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39242882\/<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[452],"tags":[813,836,834,832,830,821,804],"class_list":{"0":"post-7030","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-future","8":"tag-bioenergy","9":"tag-carbon-capture","10":"tag-carbon-conservation","11":"tag-change-in-diet","12":"tag-consequences","13":"tag-conserved-land","14":"tag-recovery"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7030"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7031,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7030\/revisions\/7031"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}