{"id":7013,"date":"2026-05-06T19:03:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T16:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/?p=7013"},"modified":"2026-05-06T19:04:40","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T16:04:40","slug":"why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Industrial Systems Produce Suffering: System \u2192 Stress \u2192 Harm Model"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering\/#If_you_do_not_feel_like_reading_the_whole_article_remember_this\" >If you do not feel like reading the whole article, remember this:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering\/#Understanding_the_%E2%80%9CSystem_%E2%86%92_Stress_%E2%86%92_Harm%E2%80%9D_framework\" >Understanding the \u201cSystem \u2192 Stress \u2192 Harm\u201d framework<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering\/#System_design_Efficiency_as_the_main_goal\" >System design: Efficiency as the main goal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering\/#Stress_factors_created_by_industrial_systems\" >Stress factors created by industrial systems<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering\/#Resulting_harm_to_animals\" >Resulting harm to animals<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/why-industrial-systems-produce-suffering\/#Evidence_from_animal_welfare_research\" >Evidence from animal welfare research<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_you_do_not_feel_like_reading_the_whole_article_remember_this\"><\/span><strong>If you do not feel like reading the whole article, remember this:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_position=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; pointer_events=&#8220;all&#8220;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"s00dda\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"43\">The problems are built into the system itself<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"oc0iey\" data-start=\"44\" data-end=\"81\">The model is system \u2192 stress \u2192 harm<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1skc1pa\" data-start=\"82\" data-end=\"137\">Efficiency often comes at the expense of welfare<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ovh3oo\" data-start=\"138\" data-end=\"176\">Confinement creates chronic stress<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1x6p8rg\" data-start=\"177\" data-end=\"218\">High density increases disease and aggression<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yhvstw\" data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"271\">Genetic selection intensifies physiological pressure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; top_margin_phone=&#8220;-50&#8243; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220; column_padding_type=&#8220;default&#8220; content_layout=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_type=&#8220;default&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"fceyrw\" data-start=\"272\" data-end=\"324\">Poor environments lead to health and behavioral damage<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1tf8ymc\" data-start=\"325\" data-end=\"375\">Suffering is measurable through health and behavior<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1nb7nnp\" data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"428\">Good management does not solve the structural problem<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1stelzm\" data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"479\">Freer systems produce better results<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1b8ex6c\" data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"515\">Reforms are needed at the design level<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1bvdrez\" data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"563\" data-is-last-node=\"\">The root of the harm lies in the production model<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]In the previous articles from this category, we saw recurring animal welfare problems affecting different species in modern agriculture: lameness in broilers, confinement of sows in gestation crates, mastitis and metabolic stress in dairy cows, as well as intense stress during transport and slaughter for all of them.<\/p>\n<p>At first glance, these problems may seem unrelated. Chickens suffer from rapid growth, pigs from confinement, cows from high milk production, and animals during transport from stress. However, animal welfare science reveals a deeper pattern: these problems arise from the very structure of the production system.<br \/>\nResearchers increasingly describe this pattern using a conceptual framework that can be summarized as:<\/p>\n<p><strong>System \u2192 Stress \u2192 Harm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This model helps explain why similar welfare problems appear across different species and production systems.<\/p>\n<p>The scientific literature, summarized by the Humane Society of the United States, Compassion in World Farming and the World Organisation for Animal Health, highlights how industrial design choices systematically generate welfare risks.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_the_%E2%80%9CSystem_%E2%86%92_Stress_%E2%86%92_Harm%E2%80%9D_framework\"><\/span><strong>Understanding the \u201cSystem \u2192 Stress \u2192 Harm\u201d framework<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Scientists working in animal welfare \u2014 as out of place as that may sound in this context \u2014 often evaluate production systems by identifying the environmental or management factors that create welfare challenges.<\/p>\n<p>The framework can be simplified as follows:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stage Description<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>System <\/strong> Design of the production environment<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stress <\/strong> Conditions created by that system<\/p>\n<p><strong>Harm <\/strong> Physical or psychological suffering experienced by the animals<\/p>\n<p>This model shifts attention away from isolated incidents and toward the structural features of production systems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Instead of asking:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u201cIs this farm poorly managed?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Researchers ask:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u201cDoes the system itself create unavoidable welfare risks?\u201d[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"System_design_Efficiency_as_the_main_goal\"><\/span><strong>System design: Efficiency as the main goal<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Industrial animal farming systems are developed to maximize:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>feed efficiency<\/li>\n<li>labor efficiency<\/li>\n<li>economic output<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As a result, many design features prioritize production rather than the treatment of animals.<br \/>\nExamples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>high stocking density<\/li>\n<li>closed housing systems<\/li>\n<li>specialized genetic breeding<\/li>\n<li>large centralized slaughterhouses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These systems reduce costs and increase food supply, but they often restrict animals\u2019 natural behavior and physical comfort.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stress_factors_created_by_industrial_systems\"><\/span><strong>Stress factors created by industrial systems<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Once a production system is designed, it generates specific environmental stress factors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Confinement<\/strong><br \/>\nSystems such as battery cages, gestation crates and tie stalls severely restrict movement.<br \/>\nThis leads to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>muscle weakness<\/li>\n<li>bone fragility<\/li>\n<li>inability to perform natural behaviors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>High stocking density<\/strong><br \/>\nHigh stocking density increases:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>aggression<\/li>\n<li>disease transmission<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>injuries caused by trampling[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>Genetic selection<\/strong><br \/>\nBreeding animals for productivity can create physiological stress.<br \/>\nExamples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>broilers bred for rapid growth, which develop skeletal disorders<\/li>\n<li>dairy cows bred for high milk yield, which causes metabolic stress<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Environmental conditions<\/strong><br \/>\nPoor ventilation, concrete floors and lack of enrichment can lead to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>respiratory disease<\/li>\n<li>lameness<\/li>\n<li>behavioral abnormalities<\/li>\n<li>These stress factors occur consistently on many farms using similar production models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resulting_harm_to_animals\"><\/span><strong>Resulting harm to animals<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>When animals are exposed to constant stress factors, measurable welfare harms appear. Animal welfare science usually evaluates these harms through outcome-based indicators.<br \/>\nExamples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>physical health indicators<\/li>\n<li>lameness in cattle and broilers<\/li>\n<li>mastitis in dairy cows<\/li>\n<li>skin lesions in pigs<\/li>\n<li>respiratory disease in poultry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Behavioral indicators<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>stereotypic behavior \u2014 bar biting, repetitive movements<\/li>\n<li>aggression<\/li>\n<li>abnormal social behavior<\/li>\n<li>inactivity caused by pain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Physiological indicators<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>elevated cortisol levels<\/li>\n<li>immunosuppression<\/li>\n<li>increased mortality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These indicators show that animals experience chronic stress or suffering.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why management alone cannot solve these problems<\/strong><br \/>\nA common response to criticism of animal welfare conditions is the claim that better farm management can solve welfare problems.<br \/>\nAlthough good management certainly improves outcomes, the systemic model suggests that management improvements alone cannot eliminate structural stress factors.<br \/>\nFor example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A well-maintained battery cage still prevents nesting and perching.<\/li>\n<li>A carefully managed gestation crate still prevents turning around.<\/li>\n<li>A properly ventilated overcrowded broiler house still restricts movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In these cases, the welfare limitation comes from the design of the housing system, not from poor management.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evidence_from_animal_welfare_research\"><\/span><strong>Evidence from animal welfare research<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Scientific welfare assessments often compare different production systems.<br \/>\nIn many studies, systems that allow greater behavioral freedom consistently show improved animal-based welfare indicators.<br \/>\nExamples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cage-free systems instead of battery cages for hens<\/li>\n<li>group housing instead of gestation crates for pigs<\/li>\n<li>pasture access instead of full confinement for dairy cows<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Animals in these systems usually show:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>improved physical health<\/li>\n<li>lower stress hormone levels<\/li>\n<li>more natural behavioral expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This evidence supports the idea that animal welfare outcomes depend strongly on system design.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why industrial systems continue to exist<\/strong><br \/>\nDespite welfare concerns, industrial systems remain dominant because they offer several advantages for their owners:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Economic efficiency<\/strong><br \/>\nLarge-scale operations reduce production costs and increase output.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Consistency and control<\/strong><br \/>\nControlled indoor environments allow precise management of feed, temperature and growth rates.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Global food supply<\/strong><br \/>\nIndustrial agriculture provides large quantities of affordable animal products.<br \/>\nHowever, these benefits must be weighed against the animal welfare challenges the systems create.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Moving toward system-level solutions<\/strong><br \/>\nRecognizing that problems arise from system design changes the approach to improving animal welfare.<br \/>\nInstead of focusing only on individual farms, researchers increasingly emphasize system-level reforms, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>replacing extreme confinement systems<\/li>\n<li>reducing stocking density<\/li>\n<li>breeding animals with a focus on health rather than maximum output<\/li>\n<li>providing environmental enrichment<\/li>\n<li>redesigning housing environments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These changes address the root causes of welfare problems rather than their symptoms.<br \/>\nThe welfare challenges observed in modern animal agriculture are not isolated events. They are predictable outcomes of production systems designed primarily for efficiency and high output.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>\u201cSystem \u2192 Stress \u2192 Harm\u201d<\/strong> model provides a clear way to understand why similar welfare problems appear across different species and farming systems. By recognizing the structural origin of these problems, policymakers, scientists and producers can focus on reforms that improve animal welfare at the level where it matters most: the design of the system itself.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanesociety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/hsus-report-animal-welfare-industrial-agriculture.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.humanesociety.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/hsus-report-animal-welfare-industrial-agriculture.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/research\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/chickens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/chickens\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/pigs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/pigs\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/cows\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ciwf.org.uk\/farm-animals\/cows\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahc\/current\/chapitre_aw_transport_land.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahc\/current\/chapitre_aw_transport_land.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahc\/current\/chapitre_aw_slaughter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahc\/current\/chapitre_aw_slaughter.pdf<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[466],"tags":[671,769,619,689,755,753],"class_list":{"0":"post-7013","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-living-conditions","8":"tag-environment","9":"tag-industrial-systems","10":"tag-livestock","11":"tag-livestock-farming","12":"tag-stress","13":"tag-suffering"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7013"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7014,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7013\/revisions\/7014"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}