{"id":6977,"date":"2026-05-06T16:06:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T13:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/?p=6977"},"modified":"2026-05-06T16:06:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T13:06:11","slug":"comparison-of-the-effect-on-greenhouse-gases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-the-effect-on-greenhouse-gases\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparison of the effect on greenhouse gases and nitrogen emissions from the production of meat and its substitutes"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; shape_divider_position=&#8220;bottom&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220;][vc_column column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; column_position=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-the-effect-on-greenhouse-gases\/#If_you_do_not_feel_like_reading_the_whole_article_remember_this\" >If you do not feel like reading the whole article, remember this:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-the-effect-on-greenhouse-gases\/#Main_sources_of_greenhouse_gases\" >Main sources of greenhouse gases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-the-effect-on-greenhouse-gases\/#Livestock_contribution\" >Livestock contribution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/en\/comparison-of-the-effect-on-greenhouse-gases\/#Nitrogen_%E2%80%9Ccontribution%E2%80%9D_of_livestock\" >Nitrogen \u201ccontribution\u201d of livestock<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_you_do_not_feel_like_reading_the_whole_article_remember_this\"><\/span><strong>If you do not feel like reading the whole article, remember this:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_position=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; pointer_events=&#8220;all&#8220;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; flex_gap_desktop=&#8220;10px&#8220; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"t4a6zr\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"42\">Beef is the most polluting contender<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1x8g3oe\" data-start=\"43\" data-end=\"85\">Livestock has the highest emissions<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1itnm7e\" data-start=\"86\" data-end=\"125\">Methane and manure are major problems<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"mrlo7d\" data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"174\">Nitrogen pollution is highest with meat<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"nc9zze\" data-start=\"175\" data-end=\"213\">Imitation meats have a lower footprint<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1egiicm\" data-start=\"214\" data-end=\"259\">Whole-food substitutes are the gentlest option<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8220;no-extra-padding&#8220; column_padding_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220; column_padding_position=&#8220;all&#8220; top_margin_phone=&#8220;-50&#8243; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; column_element_spacing=&#8220;default&#8220; desktop_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; tablet_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; phone_text_alignment=&#8220;default&#8220; background_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8220;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8220;none&#8220; column_shadow=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; column_link_target=&#8220;_self&#8220; overflow=&#8220;visible&#8220; gradient_direction=&#8220;left_to_right&#8220; overlay_strength=&#8220;0.3&#8243; width=&#8220;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8220;default&#8220; animation_type=&#8220;default&#8220; bg_image_animation=&#8220;none&#8220; border_type=&#8220;simple&#8220; column_border_width=&#8220;none&#8220; column_border_style=&#8220;solid&#8220; column_padding_type=&#8220;default&#8220; content_layout=&#8220;default&#8220; gradient_type=&#8220;default&#8220;][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"1m3rj05\" data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"300\">Legumes are the most environmentally efficient<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1wr49je\" data-start=\"301\" data-end=\"343\">Lab-grown meat depends heavily on energy<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1cchep7\" data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"391\">Processing increases the footprint of imitations<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"js5nq1\" data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"443\">Plant-based alternatives save many emissions<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"16p0twa\" data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"493\">100 g of protein does not cost the planet the same<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"12oc9z7\" data-start=\"494\" data-end=\"541\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Protein choice has a major ecological effect<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]The mission of this site, blog, platform or whatever you would call it is to show us that life and nutrition can exist without meat \u2014 or at least without its classic form and origin. In another article, we looked at how this can happen in terms of nutrients and meeting our daily macronutrient needs. We defined four main players on the food field \u2014 meat, meat substitutes based on whole foods, meat imitations and the futuristic meat grown in laboratories.<\/p>\n<p>After deciding that all four are edible, each with its own pros and cons, it is time to see what effect the production of these products has on the environment and, more precisely, what greenhouse gases and nitrogen compounds are released so that these products can reach our refined palates.<\/p>\n<p>First onto the field comes the player we blame for all the planet\u2019s troubles, namely meat:<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Main_sources_of_greenhouse_gases\"><\/span><strong>Main sources of greenhouse gases<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Emissions from livestock come from three main mechanisms:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Enteric fermentation \u2014 methane, CH\u2084<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Ruminant animals \u2014 cattle, sheep \u2014 produce methane during digestion<\/li>\n<li>Methane has about 28\u201334 times the warming potential of CO\u2082 on a 100-year scale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Manure management \u2014 CH\u2084 + N\u2082O<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Anaerobic manure storage releases methane<\/li>\n<li>Nitrous oxide (N\u2082O) has about 265\u2013298 times the warming potential of CO\u2082 \u2014 it is definitely not joking around<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Feed production + land-use change \u2014 CO\u2082 + N\u2082O<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Deforestation for pastures\/soy feed, which reduces nature\u2019s ability to process already existing CO\u2082<\/li>\n<li>N\u2082O emissions caused by fertilizers<\/li>\n<li>Often the geniuses who remove forests to create pastures in their place burn those trees, which releases additional amounts of CO\u2082 into the atmosphere<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Quantitative emissions \u2014 per kg of product<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"wptb-container-legacy\" data-table-id=\"6978\">\n    <table class=\"wptb-preview-table wptb-element-main-table_setting-6978\" style=\"border-spacing: 3px 3px; border-collapse: collapse !important; min-width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); \" data-border-spacing-columns=\"3\" data-border-spacing-rows=\"3\" data-reconstraction=\"1\" data-wptb-table-directives=\"eyJpbm5lckJvcmRlcnMiOnsiYWN0aXZlIjoiYWxsIiwiYm9yZGVyV2lkdGgiOjEsImJvcmRlclJhZGl1c2VzIjp7ImFsbCI6MCwicm93IjowLCJjb2x1bW4iOjB9fX0=\" data-wptb-responsive-directives=\"eyJyZXNwb25zaXZlRW5hYmxlZCI6dHJ1ZSwicmVzcG9uc2l2ZU1vZGUiOiJhdXRvIiwicmVsYXRpdmVXaWR0aCI6IndpbmRvdyIsInByZXNlcnZlUm93Q29sb3IiOmZhbHNlLCJoZWFkZXJGdWxseU1lcmdlZCI6ZmFsc2UsImJyZWFrcG9pbnRzIjp7ImRlc2t0b3AiOnsibmFtZSI6ImRlc2t0b3AiLCJ3aWR0aCI6MTAyNH0sInRhYmxldCI6eyJuYW1lIjoidGFibGV0Iiwid2lkdGgiOjQyMH0sIm1vYmlsZSI6eyJuYW1lIjoibW9iaWxlIiwid2lkdGgiOjQyMH19LCJtb2RlT3B0aW9ucyI6eyJhdXRvIjp7ImRpc2FibGVkIjp7ImRlc2t0b3AiOmZhbHNlLCJ0YWJsZXQiOmZhbHNlLCJtb2JpbGUiOmZhbHNlfSwidG9wUm93QXNIZWFkZXIiOnsiZGVza3RvcCI6ZmFsc2UsInRhYmxldCI6dHJ1ZSwibW9iaWxlIjpmYWxzZX0sInJlcGVhdE1lcmdlZEhlYWRlciI6eyJkZXNrdG9wIjp0cnVlLCJ0YWJsZXQiOnRydWUsIm1vYmlsZSI6dHJ1ZX0sInN0YXRpY1RvcFJvdyI6eyJkZXNrdG9wIjpmYWxzZSwidGFibGV0IjpmYWxzZSwibW9iaWxlIjpmYWxzZX0sImNlbGxTdGFja0RpcmVjdGlvbiI6eyJkZXNrdG9wIjoicm93IiwidGFibGV0IjoiY29sdW1uIiwibW9iaWxlIjoiY29sdW1uIn0sImNlbGxzUGVyUm93Ijp7ImRlc2t0b3AiOjEsInRhYmxldCI6MiwibW9iaWxlIjoyfX19fQ==\" data-wptb-cells-width-auto-count=\"2\" data-wptb-extra-styles=\"\" data-wptb-pro-pagination-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-rows-per-page=\"10\" data-wptb-pro-search-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-searchbar-position=\"left\" role=\"table\" data-table-columns=\"2\" data-wptb-table-alignment=\"center\" data-wptb-td-width-auto=\"120\" data-wptb-table-tds-sum-max-width=\"285\" data-wptb-even-row-background-color=\"#ffffff\" data-wptb-odd-row-background-color=\"#f0f0f0\" data-v2-props=\"eyJ1c2VUaEZvckZpcnN0Um93IjpmYWxzZSwiY29sdW1uc1Byb3BzIjp7fSwicm93c1Byb3BzIjp7fX0=\" ><tbody data-global-font-size=\"15\" ><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-597\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Pretender<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-598\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Greenhouse gas intensity (production)<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-599\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Beef<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-600\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Very high<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-601\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Pork\/chicken<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-602\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">High to medium<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-603\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Meat imitations<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-604\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Low<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-605\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Whole grain substitutes<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-606\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Very low<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-607\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Lab-grown meat<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-608\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Varies<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Livestock_contribution\"><\/span>Livestock contribution<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Livestock as a whole contributes to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>~14\u201315% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions<\/li>\n<li>Cattle farming has the largest share<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Beef is emissions-intensive because of:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Feed conversion loss \u2014 7\u201310 kg feed \u2192 1 kg beef<\/li>\n<li>Methane production<\/li>\n<li>Expansion of land used for pastures and feed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>After that, plant-based meat imitations enter the field:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Greenhouse gas profile<\/strong><br \/>\nMeat imitations eliminate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enteric methane<\/li>\n<li>Methane from manure<\/li>\n<li>Feed inefficiency<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Main sources of emissions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Crop production<\/li>\n<li>Fertilizer \u2014 N\u2082O<\/li>\n<li>Processing energy \u2014 extrusion, isolation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Emission range<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Category kg CO\u2082-eq. \/ kg product<br \/>\nMeat imitations 0.5\u20134.5<br \/>\n\u2192 about 80\u201395% lower than beef<br \/>\n\u2192 slightly higher than legumes because of processing<\/p>\n<p>Then we include whole-food meat substitutes, such as legumes and peas.<\/p>\n<p>Greenhouse gas mechanisms<br \/>\nLegumes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen<\/li>\n<li>Require fewer synthetic fertilizers<\/li>\n<li>Do not produce methane<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Emissions<br \/>\nProduct kg CO\u2082-eq. \/ kg<br \/>\nLentils 0.3\u20131.0<br \/>\nBeans 0.5\u20132<\/p>\n<p>The lowest of all categories.<br \/>\nAnd finally, it is time for the still poorly known and not particularly popular participant \u2014 cultivated, or lab-grown, meat.<\/p>\n<p>Emission profile<br \/>\nIt does not produce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enteric methane<\/li>\n<li>Manure emissions<\/li>\n<li>Deforestation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But on the other hand:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It leads to very high electricity demand<\/li>\n<li>It requires production of growth media<\/li>\n<li>It requires sterile facilities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Expected emissions are highly variable:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They may be 3\u201325 kg CO\u2082-eq.\/kg depending on the energy source<\/li>\n<li>Renewable energy would lead to a major reduction<\/li>\n<li>Energy from fossil fuels could potentially lead to an energy cost similar to pork production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The key variable is the carbon intensity of electricity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You can see the summary of the contest in the table below<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"wptb-container-legacy\" data-table-id=\"6979\">\n    <table class=\"wptb-preview-table wptb-element-main-table_setting-6979\" style=\"border-spacing: 3px 3px; border-collapse: collapse !important; min-width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); \" data-border-spacing-columns=\"3\" data-border-spacing-rows=\"3\" data-reconstraction=\"1\" data-wptb-table-directives=\"eyJpbm5lckJvcmRlcnMiOnsiYWN0aXZlIjoiYWxsIiwiYm9yZGVyV2lkdGgiOjEsImJvcmRlclJhZGl1c2VzIjp7ImFsbCI6MCwicm93IjowLCJjb2x1bW4iOjB9fX0=\" data-wptb-responsive-directives=\"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\" data-wptb-cells-width-auto-count=\"2\" data-wptb-extra-styles=\"\" data-wptb-pro-pagination-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-rows-per-page=\"10\" data-wptb-pro-search-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-searchbar-position=\"left\" role=\"table\" data-table-columns=\"2\" data-wptb-table-alignment=\"center\" data-wptb-td-width-auto=\"120\" data-wptb-table-tds-sum-max-width=\"285\" data-wptb-even-row-background-color=\"#ffffff\" data-wptb-odd-row-background-color=\"#f0f0f0\" data-v2-props=\"eyJ1c2VUaEZvckZpcnN0Um93IjpmYWxzZSwiY29sdW1uc1Byb3BzIjp7fSwicm93c1Byb3BzIjp7fX0=\" ><tbody data-global-font-size=\"15\" ><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-597\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Pretender<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-598\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Greenhouse gas intensity (production)<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-599\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Beef<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-600\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Very high<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-601\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Pork\/chicken<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-602\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">High to medium<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-603\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Meat imitations<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-604\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Low<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-605\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Whole grain substitutes<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-606\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Very low<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-607\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Lab-grown meat<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-608\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Varies<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]After looking at greenhouse gas emissions, it is time to pay attention to nitrogen emissions and their derivatives, which are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ammonia (NH\u2083)<\/li>\n<li>Nitrous oxide (N\u2082O)<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate runoff (NO\u2083\u207b)<\/li>\n<li>Eutrophication<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nitrogen_%E2%80%9Ccontribution%E2%80%9D_of_livestock\"><\/span>Nitrogen \u201ccontribution\u201d of livestock<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Main sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Manure storage, during which ammonia evaporates<\/li>\n<li>Synthetic fertilizer for feed crops \u2192 N\u2082O<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate leaching into groundwater<\/li>\n<li>Runoff leading to dead zones \u2014 eutrophication<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Livestock is responsible for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Most agricultural ammonia emissions in the EU<\/li>\n<li>A major driver of excessive nitrogen release<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nitrogen inefficiency:<br \/>\nOnly about ~10\u201330% of the nitrogen animals eat ends up in meat.<br \/>\nGuess where the rest goes? Exactly \u2014 into the environment.<\/p>\n<p>Nitrogen \u201ccontribution\u201d of imitation meat products<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources of nitrogen:<\/strong><br \/>\nFertilizer use in crops<\/p>\n<p>Because of the way they are produced, there are no:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Manure lagoons<\/li>\n<li>Concentrated ammonia emissions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Overall nitrogen pollution:<br \/>\nSignificantly lower than livestock<br \/>\nHigher than whole-food substitutes because of crops grown for protein isolation<\/p>\n<p>Now let us see how things look with whole-food and legume substitutes:<\/p>\n<p>They have one key advantage:<br \/>\nLegumes naturally fix nitrogen through rhizobial bacteria.<br \/>\nBenefits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced need for fertilizers<\/li>\n<li>Lower nitrate runoff<\/li>\n<li>Lower N\u2082O emissions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>They can boast the lowest nitrogen footprint of all categories.<br \/>\nAnd as in the previous case, finally we will pay attention to the lesser-known player \u2014 lab-grown meat.<\/p>\n<p>Benefits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No manure<\/li>\n<li>No runoff from grazing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrogen is used in the production of growth media<\/li>\n<li>Upstream fertilizer footprint for glucose inputs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We can probably expect:<br \/>\nLower nitrogen pollution than livestock.<br \/>\nIt is still uncertain what its performance will be at industrial scale.<br \/>\nAs with greenhouse gases, here too we will present a modest table containing the results of what we have discussed so far about nitrogen emissions:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wptb-container-legacy\" data-table-id=\"6980\">\n    <table class=\"wptb-preview-table wptb-element-main-table_setting-6980\" style=\"border-spacing: 3px 3px; border-collapse: collapse !important; min-width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); \" data-border-spacing-columns=\"3\" data-border-spacing-rows=\"3\" data-reconstraction=\"1\" data-wptb-table-directives=\"eyJpbm5lckJvcmRlcnMiOnsiYWN0aXZlIjoiYWxsIiwiYm9yZGVyV2lkdGgiOjEsImJvcmRlclJhZGl1c2VzIjp7ImFsbCI6MCwicm93IjowLCJjb2x1bW4iOjB9fX0=\" data-wptb-responsive-directives=\"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\" data-wptb-cells-width-auto-count=\"2\" data-wptb-extra-styles=\"\" data-wptb-pro-pagination-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-rows-per-page=\"10\" data-wptb-pro-search-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-searchbar-position=\"left\" role=\"table\" data-table-columns=\"2\" data-wptb-table-alignment=\"center\" data-wptb-td-width-auto=\"120\" data-wptb-table-tds-sum-max-width=\"285\" data-wptb-even-row-background-color=\"#ffffff\" data-wptb-odd-row-background-color=\"#f0f0f0\" data-v2-props=\"eyJ1c2VUaEZvckZpcnN0Um93IjpmYWxzZSwiY29sdW1uc1Byb3BzIjp7fSwicm93c1Byb3BzIjp7fX0=\" ><tbody data-global-font-size=\"15\" ><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-597\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Pretender<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-598\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Nitrogen pollution<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-599\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Beef<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-600\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Very high<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-601\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Pork<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-602\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">High<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-603\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Meat imitations<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-604\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Low<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-605\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Whole grain substitutes<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-606\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Very low<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-607\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Lab-grown meat<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"5\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-608\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Probably low<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]And after both rounds, it is time to announce the winners in the competition for the most polluting food products. Congratulations to the winners.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Beef<\/li>\n<li>Pork<\/li>\n<li>Poultry<\/li>\n<li>Cultivated meat \u2014 energy-dependent<\/li>\n<li>Meat imitations<\/li>\n<li>Whole legumes<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In conclusion, let us look at a scenario in which we want to get 100 g of protein per day and what that would cost in terms of greenhouse gas emissions:<\/p>\n<p>Greenhouse gas emissions <strong>(kg CO\u2082-eq.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"wptb-container-legacy\" data-table-id=\"6981\">\n    <table class=\"wptb-preview-table wptb-element-main-table_setting-6981\" style=\"border-spacing: 3px 3px; border-collapse: collapse !important; min-width: 708px; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); \" data-border-spacing-columns=\"3\" data-border-spacing-rows=\"3\" data-reconstraction=\"1\" data-wptb-table-directives=\"eyJpbm5lckJvcmRlcnMiOnsiYWN0aXZlIjoiYWxsIiwiYm9yZGVyV2lkdGgiOjEsImJvcmRlclJhZGl1c2VzIjp7ImFsbCI6MCwicm93IjowLCJjb2x1bW4iOjB9fX0=\" data-wptb-responsive-directives=\"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\" data-wptb-cells-width-auto-count=\"5\" data-wptb-extra-styles=\"\" data-wptb-pro-pagination-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-rows-per-page=\"10\" data-wptb-pro-search-top-row-header=\"false\" data-wptb-searchbar-position=\"left\" role=\"table\" data-table-columns=\"5\" data-wptb-table-alignment=\"center\" data-wptb-td-width-auto=\"120\" data-wptb-table-tds-sum-max-width=\"708\" data-wptb-even-row-background-color=\"#ffffff\" data-wptb-odd-row-background-color=\"#f0f0f0\" data-v2-props=\"eyJ1c2VUaEZvckZpcnN0Um93IjpmYWxzZSwiY29sdW1uc1Byb3BzIjp7fSwicm93c1Byb3BzIjp7fX0=\" ><tbody data-global-font-size=\"15\" ><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-597\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Food type<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-598\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>1 day<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"2\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-599\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>1 week<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"3\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-600\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>1 month<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"0\" data-x-index=\"4\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-601\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>1 year<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-602\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Lab-grown meat<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-603\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">1.25<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"2\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-604\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">8.75<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"3\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-605\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">37.5<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"1\" data-x-index=\"4\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-606\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">456.25<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-607\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Meat (beef, that looks the scariest)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-608\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">49.89<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"2\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-609\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">349.23<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"3\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-610\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">1496.7<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"2\" data-x-index=\"4\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-611\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">18209.85<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-612\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Meat imitations<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-613\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">2.06<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"2\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-614\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">14.41<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"3\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-615\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">61.76<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"3\" data-x-index=\"4\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-616\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">751.47<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr  class=\"wptb-row \" style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0; \"><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"0\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-617\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">Meat substitutes (peas\/legumes)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"1\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-618\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">0.44<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"2\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-619\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">3.08<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"3\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-620\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">13.2<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><td class=\"wptb-cell \" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 10px; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-radius: 0px; \" data-y-index=\"4\" data-x-index=\"4\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-width=\"true\" data-wptb-css-td-auto-height=\"true\" data-wptb-cell-vertical-alignment=\"center\" ><div class=\"wptb-text-container wptb-ph-element wptb-element-text-621\" style=\"font-size: 15px; \"><div style=\"position: relative;\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">160.60<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So we do not sound biased, we will leave you to look at the table and draw your own conclusions.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8220;&#8220; text_direction=&#8220;default&#8220;]<strong>Sources: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/environmental-impacts-of-food\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/environmental-impacts-of-food<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/food-choice-vs-eating-local\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/food-choice-vs-eating-local<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.ctfassets.net\/hhv516v5f7sj\/4exF7Ex74UoYku640WSF3t\/cc213b148ee80fa2d8062e430012ec56\/Impossible_foods_comparative_LCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/assets.ctfassets.net\/hhv516v5f7sj\/4exF7Ex74UoYku640WSF3t\/cc213b148ee80fa2d8062e430012ec56\/Impossible_foods_comparative_LCA.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.ctfassets.net\/hhv516v5f7sj\/4exF7Ex74UoYku640WSF3t\/cc213b148ee80fa2d8062e430012ec56\/Impossible_foods_comparative_LCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/assets.ctfassets.net\/hhv516v5f7sj\/4exF7Ex74UoYku640WSF3t\/cc213b148ee80fa2d8062e430012ec56\/Impossible_foods_comparative_LCA.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/14\/23\/16133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/14\/23\/16133<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2022\/09\/meat-protein-alternatives_54e42940\/387d30cf-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2022\/09\/meat-protein-alternatives_54e42940\/387d30cf-en.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/nutrition\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1641234\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/nutrition\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1641234\/full<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8220;in_container&#8220; full_screen_row_position=&#8220;middle&#8220; column_margin=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_tablet=&#8220;default&#8220; column_direction_phone=&#8220;default&#8220; scene_position=&#8220;center&#8220; text_color=&#8220;dark&#8220; text_align=&#8220;left&#8220; row_border_radius=&#8220;none&#8220; row_border_radius_applies=&#8220;bg&#8220; row_position_desktop=&#8220;default&#8220; row_position_tablet=&#8220;inherit&#8220; row_position_phone=&#8220;inherit&#8220;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[460],"tags":[653,631,637],"class_list":{"0":"post-6977","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-meat-substitutes","8":"tag-greenhouse-gases","9":"tag-meat-production","10":"tag-nitrogen"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6977"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6982,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6977\/revisions\/6982"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sterasoft.com\/nomeatnoproblem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}